Giant Ovarian Cyst

---

Introduction

Ovarian cysts rarely reach giant size although they are common. Cysts that reach large size may be confused with mesentery cysts, peritoneal inclusion cysts or loculated acid accumulation [1]. Mucinous tumors of the ovary account for 10% of ovarian neoplasms. Among all ovarian tumors, approximately 80% are benign, 10% are borderline and 10% are malignant. Eighty percent of the cases are unilateral and may reach the size that fills the whole abdomen. Mucinous cystadenoma is more common among young women and usually measures 15 – 30 cm. Mucinous cystadenomas reaching 60 cm have been reported in the literature. The cyst is usually divided into several chambers and consists of clear mucoid and viscous fluid. Enlargement of abdominal cicumference, gastrointestinal complaints with unexplained etiology, a sense of mass and pain are the most common complaints. Surgery is the first choice of treatment

Case Report

A 52-year-old female patient was admitted to our clinic with complaints of abdominal distention, firmness and constipation. She had a history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, her obstetrics anemnesis included five pregnancies (three deliveries and two abortions) and she has been in the menopausal period for 10 years. Her physical examination revealed a mass lesion in the left pelvic region with unclear borders. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a cystic lesion measuring 150 mm in the pelvic region at the midline. CT of her abdomen reported a cystic lesion measuring 17 × 10 × 13 cm filling the left lower quadrant and suggesting to originate primarily from the ovary (Fig. 1). The patient was prepared for operation with a prediagnosis of an ovarian cyst and mesentery cyst. Laboratory tests revealed no pathologic findings. CA125 and CA15.3 were normal. A pure cystic mass lesion measuring 25 cm, originating from the pelvic region and extending to midline of the abdomen and crossing the umbilicus was detected in the patient, who was operated under general anesthesia (Fig. 2, 3). The cysts were seen to originate from the left ovary (Fig. 4). The patient underwent left salpingo oophorectomy and cystectomy as the ovarian tissue could not be detected clearly enough to be preserved. The patient, whose pathology examination results were reported as a mucinous cystadenoma measuring 25 × 17 × 10 cm, was discharged unproblematically.

Discussion

Two-thirds of ovarian cysts are seen during the reproductive years. Of them, 80-85% are benign [5]. While unilateral, mobile, cystic and smooth masses are likely to be benign, bilateral, solid, fixed and irregular masses are usually malignant [6]. Cysts originating from mesentery and omentum may be confused with loculated acid accumulations and lympangiomas. Giant ovarian cysts have rarely been reported together with widepread use of imaging methods. Symmonds et al reported nine ovarian cysts weighing 90 – 130 kg [7]. Dolan et al recently reported giant ovarian cysts weighing less than 20 – 30 kg and managed laparoscopically [8]. The patient may be admitted to the clinic with complaints of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and constipation due to bleeding, rupture, and/or obstruction depending on the location, size of the cysts and compression [9]. The patient was admitted to our clinic with complaints of constipation. Upon physical examination, a sense of mass with unclear borders palpated in the pelvic region was detected.

Ultrasonography is useful for discrimination of solid and cystic intraabdominal masses. CT may be used for determination of borders and the origin of the mass lesion [10]. Our patient was evaluated initially with ultrasonography, and the mass lesion was seen to be cystic. CT revealed intraabdominal extension and the potential origin of the mass. Laparotomy was performed with a midline incision due to a potential non-ovarian pathology. Upon exploration, the giant cyst was seen to originate from the left ovary, thus cystectomy was performed together with left salpingo ooforectomy, considering the fertility of the patient and as the ovarian tissue to be preserved could not be clearly determined.