Intact human nervous system that was dissected by 2 medical students in 1925

In the fall of 1925, two medical students in Kirksville, Missouri, received a cadaver and a challenge. Their assignment: to dissect the body’s nervous system, beginning at the base of the brain and working downward, leaving the system in one continuous piece.

Over the following year, the students — M.A. Schalck and L.P. Ramsdell — it took 1,500 hours of their lives completing the painstaking dissection according to LiveScience . Their result remain on permanent display at the Museum of Osteopathic Medicine at A.T. Still University (ATSU) in Kirksville.

“Medical students come into the museum and stare at it in amazement,” Jason Haxton, director of the museum, told Live Science. “Sometimes, they’ll run in after a test to check their work. People familiar with dissection say this is truly a miracle piece.”  

According to Haxton, every student in Schalck and Ramsdell’s class at the Kirksville College of Osteopathy & Surgery (an institution founded by Dr. Andrew Taylor Still in 1892, now part of ATSU) was required to dissect a human arm. “These two students’ dissections were so detailed, and so much better than any other student’s, that they were chosen to dissect an entire body,” Haxton said.

Schalck and Ramsdell operated downward from the body’s brain stem, exposing the spinal cord and cutting through skin, muscle and protective tissue to clear the maze of nerve fibers within.

“After they cleared each nerve, they rolled them in cotton batting soaked in some kind of preservative,” Haxton said. (The exact preservative chemicals used are unknown.) “So, as they worked their way down, there was just a mass of little rolls of cotton.”

After 1,500 hours of surgery, Schalck and Ramsdell mounted the dissected nervous system on a slab of shellacked wood. They added hundreds of paper labels to the display and exhibited the finished dissection at medical conferences and museums around the country.

Today, Haxton said, Schalck and Ramsdell’s nervous system is one of only four such dissections in the world. (He said he excludes nervous systems exhibited by the traveling exposition Body Worlds, which uses chemicals to help extract the fibers.) In 1936, researchers at ATSU dissected a second nervous system and then donated it to the Smithsonian Institution. A third sample is owned by a medical museum in Thailand, Haxton said, and a fourth is on display at Drexel University in Philadelphia.

As for the person whose body ended up on Schalck and Ramsdell’s operating table, nothing is known. Whoever it was likely died in prison or in a poor house, Haxton said

About 10 years ago, Haxton told Live Science that the exhibit was valued at $1 million.

Originally published on Live Science.